Under TSC 4.7 Manufacture of Batteries, it states that the batteries need to result in “substantial GHG emission reductions”. How does one track and evidence the way the batteries are used, the source of energy (grid or otherwise), and end-of-life/circularity in order to estimate said “substantial GHG emission reductions” (which happens in the future)?

To effectively track and evidence the use of batteries, the source of energy (whether from the grid or otherwise), and end-of-life circularity, we recommend a comprehensive approach that encompasses the entire battery value chain. This includes:

• Embedded Emissions: Assessing the GHG emissions associated with the production and operation of the batteries, including raw material extraction, manufacturing processes, and transportation.
• Application-Specific Analysis: Identifying the specific applications of the batteries, such as electric vehicle (EV) use, battery storage for solar energy, or battery energy storage systems (BESS) for wind energy. Each application can have different Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) factors, which will influence the overall GHG reduction potential.
• Monitoring and Reporting: Implementing robust monitoring systems to track the energy source used during the battery’s operational phase and the emissions associated with that energy. This will help estimate the GHG reductions achieved through battery use.

[Updated in Dec 2025]